硼砂
中文别名
四硼酸钠(十水);月石砂;黄月砂;硼砂(药用);十水四硼酸钠;月石砂;四硼酸钠
英文别名
Borax decahydrate; boric acid disodium salt; E285; natrii tetraboras; sodium biborate decahydrate; sodium pyroborate decahydrate; sodium tetraborate decahydrate.
功能与应
用于制取玻璃、特种玻璃、玻璃纤维、搪瓷、陶瓷、硼酸盐、硼砂皂、金属焊接熔融剂、防腐剂、媒染剂等。经提纯后可用于电容器。[1]
Sodium borate is used in pharmaceutical applications similarly to
boric acid (see Boric Acid). It has been used externally as a mild
astringent and as an emulsifying agent in creams.It has also been used
in lozenges, mouthwashes, otic preparations (0.3% w/v), and ophthalmic
solutions (0.03–1.0% w/v). Sodium borate has additionally been
investigated in the prevention of crystal formation in freeze-dried
solutions. Preparations of sodium borate in honey have historically been
used as paints for the throat, tongue, and mouth, but such use is now
inadvisable because of concerns about toxicity in such applications.
Sodium borate is also used in cosmetics such as moisturizers,
deodorants, and shampoos. [2]
[1] 化工词典
[2] Raymond C Rowe,Paul J Sheskey and Marian E Quinn[M].Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, 6th Ed. RPS Publishing,UK
给药途径
耳用、眼用[1]
[1]FDA. Inactive Ingredient Search for Approved Drug Product［EB/OL］.(2010-10-22)[2010-12-23]. http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/iig/getiigWEB.cfm
稳定性和贮藏条件
Sodium borate should be stored in a well-closed container in a cool,
dry, place. [1]
[1] Raymond C Rowe,Paul J Sheskey and Marian E Quinn[M].Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, 6th Ed. RPS Publishing,UK
安全
Sodium borate has weak bacteriostatic and astringent properties.Historically, sodium borate has been used as a disinfectant in skin lotions and eye-, nose-, and mouthwashes. However, boric acid is easily absorbed via mucous membranes and damaged skin, and severe toxicity has been observed, especially in babies and children.
Consequently, the use of sodium borate as a disinfectant is now considered somewhat obsolete and careful use is recommended. The toxic effects of sodium borate include vomiting,diarrhea, erythema, CNS depression, and kidney damage. The lethal oral intake is approximately 20 g in adults and 5 g in children.
LD50 (guinea pig, oral): 5.33 g/kg(5,6)
LD50 (mouse, IP): 2.711 g/kg
LD50 (mouse, IV): 1.320 g/kg
LD50 (mouse, oral): 2.0 g/kg
LD50 (rat, oral): 2.66 g/kg[1]
[1] Raymond C Rowe,Paul J Sheskey and Marian E Quinn[M].Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, 6th Ed. RPS Publishing,UK
配伍禁忌
Sodium borate is incompatible with acids and with metallic and
alkaloidal salts. [1]
[1] Raymond C Rowe,Paul J Sheskey and Marian E Quinn[M].Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, 6th Ed. RPS Publishing,UK
常用量及最用量
otic preparations (0.3% w/v), ophthalmic solutions (0.03–1.0% w/v). [1]
[1] Raymond C Rowe,Paul J Sheskey and Marian E Quinn[M].Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, 6th Ed. RPS Publishing,UK
来源与制
Sodium borate can be prepared from minerals such as borosodium calcite, pandermite, or tinkal; these are natural sodium or calcium borates. Treatment of the mineral with sodium carbonate and sodium hydrogencarbonate yields the sodium borate decahydrate.In the USA, brine from salt lakes is also an important source of sodium borate. [1]
[1] Raymond C Rowe,Paul J Sheskey and Marian E Quinn[M].Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, 6th Ed. RPS Publishing,UK
管理情况
Accepted for use as a food additive in Europe. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (otic preparations; ophthalmic solutions and suspensions). Included in nonparenteral medicines licensed in the UK, Italy, France, Germany, and Japan. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients.
[1] Raymond C Rowe,Paul J Sheskey and Marian E Quinn[M].Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, 6th Ed. RPS Publishing,UK