戊四醇交联。
卡波姆主要作为助悬剂或增黏剂应用于液体或半固体的药物剂型。剂型包括乳膏,凝胶,眼用软膏[1-3],直肠[4,5]和局部制剂[6-8]。即使只有低残留的苯的卡波姆型号如卡波姆934P,欧洲药典2002版已不再收载。然而,含有低残留的除ICH规定的“第一类OVI溶剂”之外的其他溶剂可以在欧洲应用。只含低残留的乙酸乙酯的卡波姆,如卡波姆971P或974P,可以用于口服制剂,混悬剂、片剂、或缓释片剂[9-13]。在片剂中卡波姆用作干或湿的黏合剂以及作为释放速度控制辅料。在湿法制粒工艺中,水或乙醇-水的混合物可用作润湿剂。加入聚合物黏合剂的无水有机溶剂也可以应用。湿物料的黏性随着在制粒液体中加入某些阳离子物质而降低[14]。有水时,在处方中加入滑石粉也可以降低黏性。卡波姆树脂已研究用于制备缓释骨架微丸[14],在含有多肽的制剂中用作肠蛋白酶的酶抑制剂[15,16],作为子宫颈贴(cervical patch)[17]的黏胶剂和鼻腔给药的微球[18],以及定位药物传递到食道的磁性颗粒(magnetic granules)[19]。卡波姆也作为乳化剂用于外用的O/W型的乳剂。为了这个目的,卡波姆部分用氢氧化钠,部分用长链脂肪胺和硬脂胺中和。卡波姆951作为增粘剂也用于复乳微球的制备[20]。卡波姆也常用于化妆品中。见表I。[21]
表I 卡波姆的用途
用途
|
浓度
|
乳化剂
胶凝剂
助悬剂
片剂粘合剂
|
0.1%~0.5%
0.5%~2.0%
0.5%~1.0%
5.0%~10.0%
|
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